Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1055 Words

Pride and Prejudice vs. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries The Lizzie Bennet Diaries You Tube web series is a version of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice that has expanded the book by Austen so well that the characters are very different from the book. Picture Jane Austen’s classic novel Pride and Prejudice did not take place in 19th century England, and instead took place in 21st century California. Would our smart, honest character Elizabeth Bennet be a graduate student with a hobby for video blogging? Wouldn’t Darcy’s snobbery and reserved character make him the typical bowtie-wearing hipster? The Lizzie Bennet Diaries, a modern-day version of Pride and Prejudice co-created by Bernie Su and Hank Green. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries or LBD is a†¦show more content†¦This lively description lets the audience pity with Lydia’s crazy character. Lydia’s actions are all the drama for the entire final section of the novel, but the audience is only told that Lydia is the bad guy, embarrassing her family and being a general trouble maker. We haven’t seen the reasoning behind Lydia’s decisions, the hurt she feels after being left out by her older sisters, or the real attraction she has to Wickham. The Lizzie Bennet Diaries has not weakened Lydia. Instead we see her slowly falling for Wickham and becoming separated from her family. In Pride and Prejudice the audience has been just as judge mental of Lydia as Elizabeth is. How refreshing to see a version that makes Lydia’s journey just as important as Lizzie’s. In the novel the other two Bennet sisters, Mary and Kitty, are not forgotten in LBD, but are re-casted to play important roles in Lydia’s story. Mary Bennet is Lydia, Jane, and Lizzie’s quiet rebellious cousin in LBD. She becomes best friends with Lydia while she stays at her house, even with their opposite personalities. She is often the â€Å"forgotten† character just like in Pride and Prejudice. In the novel, Kitty follows Lydia around in her tricks, but in LBD Kitty is actually a pet cat to Lydia who also follows her everywhere

The Importance Of Becoming Born Again, The Power Of...

In my previous blog post I have spoken about the importance of becoming born again, the power of the Holy Spirit and spiritual consciousness. Now, this leads me to my next topic, a close and continuous relationship with God (2 Peter 3:18). Having a close and intimate relationship with God allow us to become aware of how greatly we are in need of Him. This topic will be broken down into five parts; Confession, Voice of God, Power of Prayer, and the Church of God, Obedience. 1. Confessing our sins (1 John 1:9): Sin is one of the largest barriers that can hinder our relationship with God, however the good news is that when we confess and forsake our sins the barrier is automatically taken away. This is not to say that confession is only about saying sorry to God, rather it is a heartfelt, knowing our sins is an offense to A Holy God (bible verse). David is a perfect example of a man who was not ashamed and humbled himself to ask for forgiveness before God. This is one of the reasons why God calls David, â€Å"A man after my own heart† (bible Verse). 2. Listening to the Voice of God (2 Tim 3:16-17): Does God speak to people or is it something people make up? I want to reassure you that yes, God can speak to everyone. The key to hearing from God is to be attentive and always long to be in He’s presence. The presence of God is in your heart. You have to understand that God is with you all the time. If God is with you then He will speak to you. God can speaks to people in manyShow MoreRelatedChristianity, The World s Largest Religion1653 Words   |  7 Pagesof these denominations. In 1504, the first division of Christianity into branches occurred with the creation of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. They separated due to the difference in belief of whether or not the Pope was the head of the church or not. They began the divide after the Seventh Ecumenical Council in 787 CE. 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Herman Melville Essay Research Paper Herman Melville free essay sample

Herman Melville Essay, Research Paper Herman Melville: An anti- transcendentalist or non Melville, Herman ( 1819-91 ) , American novelist, a major literary figure whose geographic expedition of psychological and metaphysical subjects foreshadowed 20th-century literary concerns but whose plants remained in obscureness until the 1920s, when his mastermind was eventually recognized. Melville was born August 1, 1819, in New York City, into a household that had declined in the universe. ? The Gansevoorts were solid, stable, high, comfortable people ; the ( Herman? s Father? s side ) Melvilles were slightly less successful materially, possessing an unpredictable. fickle, erratic strain. ? ( Edinger 6 ) . This difference between the Melville? s and Gansevoorts was the beginning of the problem for the Melville household. Herman? s female parent tried to work her manner up the societal ladder by traveling into bigger and better places. While borrowing money from the bank, her hubby was passing more than he was gaining. ? It is my decision that Maria Melville neer committed herself emotionally to her hubby, but remained chiefly attached to the well off Gansevoort family. ? ( Humford 23 ) Allan Melville was besides attached financially to the Gansevoorts for support. There is a batch of grounds refering Melville? s relation to his female parent Maria Melville. ? Apparently the older boy Gansevoort who carried the female parent # 8217 ; s inaugural name was clearly her favorite. ? ( Edinger 7 ) This was a sense of disaffection the Herman Melville felt from his female parent. This was one of the first symbolists to the Biblical Ishamel. In 1837 he shipped to Liverpool as a cabin male child. Upon returning to the U.S. he taught school and so sailed for the South Seas in 1841 on the whaler Acushnet. After an 18 month ocean trip he deserted the ship in the Marquesas Islands and with a comrade lived for a month among the indigens, who were man-eaters. He escaped aboard an Australian bargainer, go forthing it at Papeete, Tahiti, where he was imprisoned temporarily. He worked as a field labourer and so shipped to Honolulu, Hawaii, where in 1843 he enlisted as a mariner on the U.S. Navy frigate United States. After his discharge in 1844 he began to make novels out of his experiences and to take portion in the literary life of Boston and New York City. Melville # 8217 ; s first five novels all achieved speedy popularity. Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life ( 1846 ) , Omoo, a Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas ( 1847 ) , and Mardi ( 1849 ) were love affairs of the South Sea islands. Redburn, His First Voyage ( 1849 ) was based on his ain first trip to sea, and White-Jacket, or the World in a Man-of-War ( 1850 ) fictionalized his experiences in the naval forces. In 1850 Melville moved to a farm near Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where he became an confidant friend of Nathaniel Hawthorne, to whom he dedicated his masterpiece Moby-Dick ; or The White Whale ( 1851 ) . The cardinal subject of the novel is the struggle between Captain Ahab, maestro of the whaler Pequod, and Moby-Dick, a great white giant that one time tore off one of Ahab # 8217 ; s legs at the articulatio genus. Ahab is dedicated to avenge ; he drives himself and his crew, which includes Ishmael, storyteller of the narrative, over the seas in a despairing hunt for his enemy. The organic structure of the book is written in a entirely original, powerful narrative manner, which, in certain subdivisions of the work, Melville varied with great success. The most impressive of these subdivisions are the rhetorically brilliant discourse delivered before seafaring and the monologues of the couples ; lengthy? flats, ? transitions conveying nonnarrative stuff, normally of a proficient nature, such as the chapter about giants ; and the more purely cosmetic transitions, such as the narrative of the Tally-Ho, which can stand by themselves as short narratives of virtue. The work is invested with Ishmael # 8217 ; s sense of profound admiration at his narrative, but however conveys full consciousness that Ahab # 8217 ; s quest can hold but one terminal. And so it proves to be: Moby-Dick destroys the Pequod and all its crew save Ishmael. There is a certain run of the supernatural being projected in the Hagiographas of Melville, as is richly obvious in Moby Dick. The narrative revolves around the thought of an amazing sea mammal, which drives the passions of retaliation in one adult male and forces him to prosecute a class of action which leads finally to his decease every bit good as the deceases of his comrades. There is a great trade of imaginativeness involved in these narratives and the creativeness is extremely evident. There is an look of belief in the supernatural, as the writer strives to make the image of a banging animal in the head of the reader. There are no indicants that Melville was in any manner averse to fame or to the chase of excellence in his work. Every writer, when composing a book, is hopeful of it? s success and Melville was no lupus erythematosus. The Piazza Tales ( 1856 ) contain some of Melville # 8217 ; s finest shorter plants ; peculiarly noteworthy are the powerful short narratives? Benito Cereno? and? Bartleby the Scrivener? and the 10 descriptive studies of the Gal? pagos Islands, Ecua dor, ? The Encantadas. ? Bartleby # 8217 ; s narrative is an fable of backdown proposing more than one degree of reading. Among them, Bartleby may be seen as a author ( like Melville ) , who chooses no longer to compose ; or as a human walled off from society by his employment on wall Street, by the walls of his edifice, by the barriers of his office nook within the edifice, by the brick surface he faces out his window, and by the walls of the prison where he dies. Bartleby # 8217 ; s employer, the storyteller of the narrative, has several walls of his ain to interrupt out of. In his concluding appreciation at communicating, the storyteller invites the reading that Bartleby # 8217 ; s life, and the narrative that presents it, are like dead letters that will neer make those that would gain from them. He leaves us with the words, # 8220 ; Ah Bartleby! Ah, humanity! # 8221 ; In # 8220 ; Bartleby, the Scrivener # 8221 ; , Melville tries to associate to the reader and explicate his worsening state of affairs. This narrative, on an allegorical degree represents Melville, his life, and what he wished his reading audience would understand about him. This is likely what he wanted, but readers, ab initio, see a melancholic narrative about the status of humanity. Whether or non Melville is an anti-transcendentalist is a inquiry to be pondered over. As such he is every bit focused on go forthing an feeling on his readers as any other author on the authorship block. Therefore, I believe that Melville was nonnatural in many ways. He was a author who portrayed his ain character through his Hagiographas and therefore he was a author who had the power to be able to show his ain emotions and experiences through his characters. This he has accomplished by composing narratives, which had a deepness, an kernel of their ain. Melville was non o much concerned with the commercial success of his plants, but that was still a really high lending factor to the motive behind his Hagiographas. Although he chiefly drew on his personal experiences while explicating the narratives that he wrote, he greatly embellished them through his imaginativeness and creativeness to make literary chef-doeuvres out of them, which are appreciated greatly today. Bing a success meant a great trade to Melville and he was ever cognizant of the fact that his books were non really popular during his life-time. In fact Bartleby the Scrivener relates to this really fact through its portraiture of a author, and it is greatly brooding of Melville? s ain private state of affairs. He likely wished that his authorship would be more popular among the readers, although he professed his ain death with Bartleby # 8217 ; s wasting. The look of recognized failure was prevalent in Scrivener. Yet this did non do Melville any less wishful of celebrity and popularity. He still endeavor to present excellence in his plants in any manner possible. Every author in history has had to happen a topographic point for himself in the head of his readers before making a degree of adulthood and regard in this profession. The quality of work is judged entirely on the readers perceptual experience of the work and nil else. Melville was wishful of hitting the right cord with the readers and his audience. He wanted to be able to capture the attending of his audience and go forth an impact on their heads, so that the narrative would be remembered long after it had been read. With Moby Dick, he used the powerful tool of inventive phantasy to capture the attending of his readers. The narrative incorporated the extraordinary, action, escapade, retaliation, suspense # 8230 ; in fact every ingredient necessary for commercial success. But it didn? t prove to be so. The book is appreciated non as a authoritative work and Melville has received much more fame in the present clip frame. In Scrivener, he drew a image of a adult male really similar to himself. A adult male sick of working, eventually declines quickly to make his death. However, in Herman Melville # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; Benito Cereno # 8217 ; reveals the writer # 8217 ; s disgust with Emersonian transcendental philosophy through the self-delusions of the supporter. Cereno personifies nature, seeing it as a benevolent force that acts intentionally for the good of humanity. Melville makes it evident that such idealism offers no practical usage in a universe that is every bit much evil every bit good, and will probably be a load. Cereno is Melville # 8217 ; s strongest illustration of his intuitions for the American dreamer. In this one instance through his look of disgust towards the dreamers and their idealism, he has portrayed the image of a difficult nucleus dreamer who is converted to a realist through the experiences that he goes through. This besides drew on his seafaring yearss as experience and he struggled to convey across the decease of the dreamer and the birth of the realist. But at the terminal of the twenty-four hours, whatever emotions he possessed about the nature of idealism and idealistic idea, still organize an built-in portion of him. Whether or non the reader understands the general aura of desiring to accomplish something from his creative activities, yet Melville still endeavor to be a commercial success and his purpose for excellence in the field of composing continued.

Program Planning and Grant Proposal Checkpoint free essay sample

Program Planning and Grant Proposals Checkpoint Program planning is when a program or service that might be needed in a certain community or city. It is a plan that someone puts together so that the program will work to help better serve people who need help or even make a company function better. A program is put into place so that it can help the person or company with goals, activities, rules, objectives, and different procedures that a person, company or organization needs so that it can run productively. When a person or group of people start planning a program it helps to get the process and the grant to work, furthermore, program planning has a procedure to attain certain future goals. If a program is not working very well anymore then program planning can be used in this situation so that the program has a clear understanding and problems can be addressed so that they can receive grant approval. We will write a custom essay sample on Program Planning and Grant Proposal Checkpoint or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Grants will need the same information as with the planning of a program so that it too can be approved. Many people or organizations will ask for money when they are working on a grant proposal when help is needed. For instance, if people are homeless and housing is needed then a grant proposal can be sent in asking for money to either pay for housing or give money to the homeless so that they can get housing and any other costs that they might have. One of the similarities between program planning and grant proposals is that a program is a plan that someone thins of and to start the program they need money. So they have a grant proposal ready so that they can ask for this money. One difference is that a grant is a plan for money and a program plan is an idea that someone puts down on paper.

Sei shonagon essays

Sei shonagon essays A contemporary court lady, Sei shonagons the pillow book was a compilation of miscellaneous notes and reflections that provides an excellent portrait of Heian aristocratic life, with its emphasis on elegance-always an important element of the Japanese aesthetic. The Pillow Book provides invaluable insight into contemporary court ceremony, intrigues, and politics. In addition to its historic interest, it is a literary masterpiece, displaying a sharp wit, deft expression, and spontaneity. Murasaki Shikibu was Japanese novelist, court figure at the height of the Heian period (795-1185). Known also as Lady Murasaki, she is celebrated as the author of the romantic novel Genji-Monogatari [tale of Genji], one of the first great works of fiction to be written in Japanese. It concerns the life of Prince Genji and his descendants and is a subtle and thorough delineation of a complex society. Selections from the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu and the Pillow Book of Sei Shnagon combine to give a balanced picture of life among the aristocracy in Japan at the height of the Heian period. Sei Shnagon's sharp and witty descriptions of court life offer an astringent account of the manners of the age, while Murasaki's fiction expands on its ideals and attitudes with striking psychological insight. They are an important corrective to the warrior-dominated image we often have of premodern Japan, reflecting instead an earlier age when gentler arts were the most highly valued. The very fact that these two works, acknowledged as the greatest prose writing of a very rich period, were written by women is an important indication of the varieties of social organization in Japanese history. It was not until the later feudal period that women's status declined to the position of docile subservience familiar to us from samurai movies and modern stereotypes. At the height of the classical era, women had considerable...

Guidelines for Keeping a Lab Notebook

Guidelines for Keeping a Lab Notebook A lab notebook is the primary permanent record of your research and experiments. Note that if you are taking an AP Placement lab course, you need to present a suitable lab notebook in order to get AP credit at most colleges and universities. Here is a list of guidelines that explains how to keep a lab notebook. Notebook Must Be Permanently Bound It should not be loose-leaf or in a 3-ring binder. Never tear a page out of the lab notebook. If you make a mistake, you can cross it out, but you should not remove sheets or parts of sheets from your book. When you cross out an error, it should still be legible. You should be  explaining the reason for the strikethrough and you should initial and date it. To that point, it is not acceptable to take notes in pencil or erasable ink. Keep Everything Legible and Organized Organization is key to a good lab book. Print your name, contact info, the date and other pertinent information on the cover of the lab book.  Some lab books require you to enter some of this information on every page of the book. If your book is not pre-numbered, number every page. Usually, numbers are located in the upper outer corner and both the front and back of each page is numbered. Your labor instructor may have a rule regarding numbering. If so, follow their instructions. Its also a good idea to reserve the first couple of pages for a Table of Contents. To keep everything organized and simplified, start a fresh page for each experiment. Be Precise in Your Record Keeping This is a record of the lab work you have done during the semester or year, so it needs to be thorough. For each experiment, record the date(s) and list lab partners, if applicable. Record all information real-time. Dont wait to fill in the information. It may be tempting to record data elsewhere and then transcribe it into your lab notebook, usually because it would make the notebook neater, but its important to record it immediately. Include charts, photos, graphs and similar information in your lab notebook. Usually, youll tape these in or include a pocket for a data chip. If you must keep some data in a separate book or other location, note the location in your lab book and cross-reference it with the relevant lab book page numbers wherever the data is stored. Dont leave gaps or white space in the lab book. If you have a big open space, cross it out. The purpose of this is so no one can go back in and add false details at a later date.

The Lack of benefits available to soldiers returning from the Middle Term Paper

The Lack of benefits available to soldiers returning from the Middle East with mental and physically disorders - Term Paper Example It has been projected by some that close to fifty percent of current Middle East conflict veterans will seek medical treatment from the Veterans Administration. More than sixty percent of these injured veterans will seek short-term treatment, defined as medical care that lasts less than five years, but the other approximately forty percent of them will remain in the Veteran's Administration health care system for the rest of their lives (Patsner, n.p.). Unfortunately for these brave men and women, the resources available to treat injured and disabled veterans are currently severely lacking in quality. There are many reasons for the current situation. Among them are the sheer number of injured veterans returning from these conflicts and the cost of treating them, the type of injuries that are returning home, the number of veterans already in the system that also require care, the inadequacy of the existing system to handle patient transfers when a veteran moves from one part of the sy stem to another, and the lack of preparedness by primary care physicians outside the Veterans' Administration system to deal with war-related injuries. Many Americans are aware of the extremely high costs of the Middle East conflicts, as these operations have resulted in a continuous presence of American military members in that theater since the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attack. As of the end of the 2010 fiscal year, the United States federal government had spent seven hundred and fifty-one billion dollars in Iraq and three hundred thirty-six billion dollars in Afghanistan (Belasco, p. 1). However, many people are not aware of the costs incurred after the injured veterans of these conflicts return home. One projection states that the costs of life-long medical care, disability benefits, and social security and pension benefits for veterans of the current Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts could eventually total over seven hundred billion dollars, which is more than the over all cost for the first five years of the conflict (Patsner, n.p.). Additionally, up to forty-five percent of Gulf War veterans may apply for long-term disability benefits. Over eighty-eight percent of those applying will be at least partially eligible to receive some form of disability payments. These disability claims could potentially add another three hundred fifty-five billion dollars to the total cost of health care for injured veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts (Patsner, n.p.) The Department of Defense and the Veterans' Administration have been ill-prepared to deal with the flood of injured service members and veterans returning from these conflicts. In 2001, before the current Middle East operations had begun, the number of backlogged Veteran's Administration cases was near one hundred thousand. As of April 2008, the number of unprocessed cases had jumped to over six hundred thousand. This means that not only are the currently returning veterans not being treated efficiently, resources are being re-directed from older veterans and reducing their access to care as well (Kenneth & Burris, 2330-39). This backlog of untreated cases, as well as the complexity of the application process for use of the Veterans' Administration medical resources, can lead to more issues of aggravated injuries for those veterans that are not adequately and quickly treated for their injuries. Due to the lack of screening as veterans separate from active

Based on typical hotel organization chart consolidate the Department Assignment

Based on typical hotel organization chart consolidate the Department Heads reports outlining how the hotel will fully meet all the needs of the attendees - Assignment Example The Four Seasons Hotel authorities must ensure security as well as high quality services to the visitors. High quality service delivered to the attendees would help to enhance brand value of the hotel in long run. In the contemporary era, all prominent business organizations operating within the hospitality industry try to improve service quality and customer satisfaction within business. It is found that superior services provided by a hotel helps to increase its aggregate profitability as well as base of loyal customers. Buyers’ loyalty towards a company and satisfaction derived share a directly proportional relationship (Halil and Tanova 33-41). This report would mention that Four Seasons Hotel has an aim to generate 100% occupancy rate from 29th November to 4th December. This is because, in that period of time, foreign delegates from across the globe would visit the hotel for attending the G20 Summit held in Seattle. Thus, in order to achieve the target, the hotel must introduce ways to enhance quality of its service, thereby augmenting customers’ loyalty or satisfaction. In addition to major services, the hotel also offers special business services to visitors. The above list shows various types of commercial services provided by the company, which renders business tours of corporate officials comfortable and convenient. The manager must ensure that all these services are uninterruptedly delivered to the hotel attendees. The accommodations of the hotel are placed on first ten floors. The company owns 147 guest rooms and 13 luxury suites (â€Å"Four Seasons Hotel†). The housekeeping officials of the hotel must ensure that facilities available in each room of the hotel can be well-used by attendees. In general, rooms of the hotel are decorated in ways that complement local cultures around the world. The workers of the housekeeping

Social Psychology Essay Example for Free

Social Psychology Essay In social psychology there are many researchers who investigated and challenged different theories within including well respected psychologists including; Sheriff(1935); Jenness(1932); Asch(1951); Crutchfield(1955) and Mann(1969). The aim of the study was; guessing how many sweeties were in the jar in a competition fashion and testing if the participants conformed to their guesses. The hypothesis was people would conform under group pressures of the pre-set guesses. The null hypothesis was that people would not conform under group pressures unless due to extraneous variables. The experiment was a field experiment using the techniques of independent groups design. The experiment was dressed as a competition based on the following three conditions; high pre-set; control pre-set and low pre-set guesses. The group used random selection in three math classes with the senior pupils of three different levels (higher, intermediate one and intermediate two). The IV (independent variable) that was used was the pre-set guesses and the DV (dependent variable) was the level of conformity performed by the participants. The conclusion of the results showed that 31. 5% of the high pre-set guesses conformed (in the reign of 40+), 23. 33% of the low pre-set guesses conformed (in the reign of -30) and 43. 48% of the control pre-set guesses conformed (within the reign of 25-45). The breakdown of the analysis for instance the mean of all conditions and overall, the range of all conditions and control(appendix 13). After the group completed the experiment thought was put into how testing conformity could be continued. The ideas from the experiment could lead to testing the intelligence levels of people who conform and test is this level of intelligence has an effect on the level of conformity. Introduction Social psychology is an area in which investigations are made into the effects of behavioural differences of individuals and how they reflect on future behaviours patterns. Within social psychology there are different sub topics including the chosen topic of conformity. Social psychology studies the effect specific surroundings have on an individual. Conformity is when a person acts or reacts in an expected way or to yield to group pressures. This varies from peer pressure to pressures that the person is not actually aware of. People conform for two reasons; Normative social influence; the feeling of having to fit in; informational social influence; the feeling of always having to be correct. Jenness(1932), Asch(1951), Crutchfield(1955) and Mann(1969) all studied conformity in different ways. Sheriff(1935) also used the auto kinetic theory to test conforming in specific situations, the auto kinetic effect is a visual illusion which tests observation skills in light movement. The participants were asked individually their answers and were apportioned to a similar answer group. This is to test if the person will conform and the three will decide on an answer which is very similar. The conclusion from this is that in a situation which the participants had no confidence which the correct answer is they looked for a sense of guidance from the group to feel included. Due to the ambiguous nature of Sheriff’s research, Asch(1951) used a laboratory experiment with a group of participants. One ‘naive’ member of the group was removed and the remaining participants were shown a picture of three lines of different sizes. The group was instructed to give a specific answer (incorrect) when the second question was asked to the ‘naive’ participant. When the ‘naive’ participant returned they were shown the three lines, and a single line, they were then asked to give their answer. This was a test to confirm whether the individual would go against the wrong answer of the group under pressure. The hypothesis was that the person who was removed would feel pressure to go against their instinct and go with the majority answer. Crutchfield(1955) also used a conformity based theory of ‘the question booth pressure’ which investigated how the person conformed even though it was anonymous. 100 males were used in the study all average age of 34, their profession orientating around good obedience or leadership skills. This experiment was conducted ballot style; male participants joined into five groups in individual booths and were told to remain silent. Answers from the men showed similar wrong answers and questionability over their leadership skills in a group situation. Mann(1969) also used other valid research to vary the terms used in describing aspects of conformity including; normative conformity and compliance which includes the fear of being rejected in a group situation. Informational conformity; level of ignorance, not knowing so turning for some kind of support and receiving it by copying the group (agreement with Sheriff). Internalisation; when the person publically conforms but personally disagrees (in agreement with the auto kinetic effect). Ingratiation; is a need for some kind of reward for conforming Finally the last term used is non-conformity which is the term used for not yielding to group pressures for reasons which include; individuality and trusting their own judgement, or just going against the group’s decision to rebel. Jenness(1932) conducted an experiment with a jar of beans, participants had to correctly guess the number of beans the jar contained. Pre-recorded guesses (the IV) were written prematurely to test conformity, a base line of whether other guesses were influenced by this issue. This unknown pressure was effective as the finding came that the guesses did in fact have an effect on the other participants. This theory was seen as very useful, as the group used this same idea in their experiment. The groups aim was to test conformity when guessing how many sweeties were in the jar in a competitive fashion. For this experiment at study, the experimental hypothesis was; people will conform under group pressures of the pre-set guesses in order to feel included and correct. The null hypothesis was; people will not conform under group pressures of the pre-set guesses in order to feel included or correct unless due to extraneous variables; conforming in result of bullying, personal problems with the individual and intentional corruption of the experiment . The independent variables (IV) were the pre-set guesses made on the sheets before given to the participants. The dependant variables (DV) was the answers which should be averaged around the pre-set guesses. Method Design The experimental method used was a field design involving independent measures. This design was selected as it was felt that if a field situation was used it would help the problem of ecological validity and loosen experimental tensions. This experiment was conducted in three mathematics classrooms. One of these classrooms were of three levels; intermediate 1, intermediate 2 and higher. When the group entered the class, there were three sheets; one high pre-set, one low pre-set and one control pre-set sheet. These sheets were given to the three rows in the class (the layout of all math classes). The control technique that was used was that each sheet was strictly kept between each of the assigned rows. The independent variable was the pre-set guesses, with the conditions of the IV being high, low and control pre-set guesses. The dependent variable is the participant’s guesses. The selected group member stated the standardised instructions; which was clearly said to all classes; as soon as we entered the class. Also the mood/ general emotions of the class were noted. Experimental methods used include; the brief verbal request; which asked if the chosen pupils wanted to participate. The standardised instructions; stated consistently by one group member. The standardised instructions(appendix 13) stated that it was a competition, there was a prize, it was free of charge and anyone who did not want to take part did not have to. A list was made to make sure all group members were fully aware of their roles including sheets they were responsible for. The response sheets with the pre-set guesses were collected and put on a table (appendix 12) to be analysed.

On Writing in America: The Politics, Criticism, and Fiction of William Dean Howells :: Essays Papers

On Writing in America: The Politics, Criticism, and Fiction of William Dean Howells Upon hearing of an event which has become known as "The Haymarket Incident," a violent outbreak that involved strikers at the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company on May 4, 1886, William Dean Howells felt provoked to respond.1 Whatever personal motives this highly publicized incident sparked in Howells, who was successful novelist and influential critic of the literature and social issues of his time, the strike and subsequent executions of seven of the protesters involved had a trenchant effect on this respected man of letters. Howells illustrated his remorse for what he understood as a profound legal injustice in a letter he wrote to a friend shortly before the hanging of the Haymarket protesters: "It blackens my life. I feel the horror and the shame of the crime which the law is about to commit against justice."2 Howells' assertions in regard to the case were at the time radical and not widely supported; they contradicted the views of the majority of the American media, who chose to back big business and to disregard details that to Howells marked the trial as corrupt. Howells' views challenged a general sentiment in the press against working class protesters, who, like the workers involved in the Haymarket Incident, demanded certain rights in the workplace and proposed an eight-hour work day.3 It had become a trend in the media to back the employers rather than the employed, in the name of the free market, before the Haymarket "riots." For example, several years before the incident at Haymarket, the Chicago Tribune had characterized a group of railroad workers involved in a similar incident as "the scum and filth of the city." Three days later, commenting on the organizers of the same uprising, the Tribune contended that "Capitalism would offer any sum to see the leaders...strung up to a tel egraph pole."4 Howells was known for his radical political views, views which often questioned the effectiveness of a capitalist society, and it is not surprising that he subsequently supported the Haymarket laborers. Howells' socialistic views no doubt sprung in part from his readings of Tolstoy, especially from the Russian novelist's writings on the notion of "Christian Socialism." Howells once wrote, "Tolstoi [sic] gave me the heart to hope that the world may yet be made over in the image of Him who died for it,...(that) men shall come into their own,.

Employee Volunteer Program Essay

Employee volunteer program is a major part of the Corporate Citizenship profile that has become an intrinsic agenda of many successful companies, who understand the value of community service and are ready to contribute their resources in its various forms to such gesture. This is because the importance of employee development is overwhelming: it extends to the company, the employee and the community in which the program is launched. This concept of employee volunteer program describes a situation a company sets a mission statement and proposes goals with a view to contributing to the community in which they live, by getting their employee involved in charity, giving, and community services. These seeming philanthropic activities are targeted at a particular community, usually that which the company serves with its products and services. This agenda is an indispensable program for excellent companies: it is important because it contributes to the Corporate Citizenship Outlook of the company which is promoted among the members of such community. A detailed look at the benefits of the plan has made intelligent company leaders and boards to incorporate it into their company’s mission statement. Really, the importance of corporate social responsibility can not be overemphasized. The benefits are enormous: it is a win-win situation for all. The employees, if well incorporated into the agenda, are strengthened in human relationships, and there is increased employee loyalty. Loyalty is fast promoted when the program recognizes, acknowledges and duly appreciates employee contribution to the company. The company social image is promoted because of such programs. It increases its ability to penetrate the society, and convince it of its products or services; it also makes the organization ‘ a good corporate citizen’. Communities benefit directly from the program: there is associated development. A section of the society is improved through the charity, giving and other forms the program could have taken. Everyone smiles home. And this impact makes the community another marketable centre for the organization, and an extension of its advertising unit. Its benefits outweigh its costs. However, those are also very important as it makes a decision to incorporate such a balanced one: the financial implications are enormous since it is usually a charity parade. This is one of the major costs that the company battles with. It is only with effective communication that employees see the need for it; otherwise, it won’t achieve it set goals. This implies that companies should be ready to create a viable structure for it, fund such and promote it even to the employees that would be involved. Since it is a volunteer, it stands the risk of non-compliance if this structure and communication are not in place. However, employee volunteer program promotes the Company, its employee and the community served. It is a good agenda for a corporate social responsibility.

Litreature Review on Banking Essay

It was emphasized that the use of computers changes the processing, storage, retrieval and communication of financial information and may affect the accounting and internal control systems employed by a bank. The potential for human errors in the development, maintenance and execution of computer Information Systems may be greater than in manual systems, due to level of details inherent in these activities. Through audit reviews, a thorough look and understanding of IS in bank can be seen. The audit of IS would provide us general understanding of IS in bank, managing authentication of users, access control, data security, data integrity, audit 14 2. Literature Study and Analysis logs, testing, accounting entries, data migration, network and RDBMS security, business continuity and disaster recovery plans, hacking, identification of transaction for substantative checking, use of reports generated by system and documentation. The paper titled â€Å"Application of IT in Banking† by K. S. Rajashekara (2004), talked about impact analysis of IT on banking. The problem of doing proper impact analysis is due to difficulty of measuring output accurately when the quality of service is changing as a result of such factors as convenience, speed, and lower risk. Through IT, banks anticipate reduction in operating costs through such efficiencies as the streamlining back office processing and elimination of error-prone manual input of data. Owing to IT, bank can offer new products and services. Banks are able to develop and implement sophisticated risk, information management system and techniques with more powerful data storage and analysis technologies. IT has positively affected the stakeholders of bank like management, employees, and customers. Vasant Godse (2005) in paper titled â€Å"Technology: An Impact Analysis† talked about role of Information Technology in banking. Banks faced the enormous task of re-orienting their technology infrastructure towards such interactive decision support and information gathering tools, much different from transaction processing and final accounting. The impact of technology could be on relationship with information technology providers, organizational aspects, banker-customer relationship, control and supervisory aspects, new concepts and processes, which help in further gaining competitive advantage. 15 2. Literature Study and Analysis A paper titled â€Å"Information Orientation: People, Technology and the bottom line† by Donald A. Marchand, William J. Kettinger, John D. Rollins (2000), stressed upon the effective usage of information for business performance. It was stressed that IT improved business performance only if combined with competent information management and the right behaviors and values. The research was applied on banks. Banks were evaluated on three broad scales i. e. IT Practices (including IT practices for Operational support, IT for Business-process support, IT for Innovation support, IT for Managerial support); Information Management Practices (Sensing information, Collecting information, Organizing information, Processing information, Maintaining information); Information behaviours and values (Information Integrity, formality, control, sharing, transparency, proactiveness). Companies that incorporated a people-centric, rather than merely techno-centric, view of information use and that are good at all three information capabilities would improve their business performance. A paper titled â€Å"Understanding the impact of IT-based coordination on the performance of Information-intensive firms: A Gestalt approach in Banking Industry† by Yannis A. Pollalis (2003), moved towards the development of such an explanatory and predictive model of IT-based performance by distinguishing coordination) three that types impact of the organizational performance systems of integration (or nformation-intensive organizations: Technological Integration (i. e. the integration of various IT components such as data, applications telecommunications, and systems); Functional integration ( i. e. , the coordination of responsibilities and roles 16 2. Literature Study and Analysis across a firm’s value-chain activities between corporate and IT planning activities); a nd Strategic integration (i. e. effective decision-making at all levels, increased productivity and better return on investment). The organizations with coordinated elements (i. e. strategy, structure, and technology) will be more successful than uncoordinated ones. Banks were chosen as the context for the empirical phase of the study because of their high information intensity and their focus on customer service and cost management. The research indicated the existence of successful and unsuccessful patterns of integration, that is, certain combinations of technological, functional, and strategic integration might lead to better or worse performance. Strategic and Technological integration were found to be most important elements of success, which indicated the importance of consistency between echnological and strategic infrastructure. The paper titled â€Å"Learnings from Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Implementation in a Bank† by M. P. Gupta and Sonal Shukla (2004) attempted to highlight the learnings from CRM implementation in the banking sector. CRM systems were particularly relevant to ret ail financial services companies, allowing much of the management of the customer relationship to be automated with the objective of maximizing the profitability of individual customer relationships while minimizing the cost of managing those relationships. The study was supported by a case study of CRM systems in a major Japanese Bank—Bank of Mitsubishi and also a field survey of scenario in Indian banking sector. The various issues examined included organizational information, the CRM strategy, strategic changes resulting from CRM 17 2. Literature Study and Analysis implementation, implementation priorities for the banks and the factors indicating the performance after CRM implementation. The study revealed that CRM was gradually picking up and was definitely considered as a viable proposition by banks in improving services to their customers. One of the major challenges experienced during implementing CRM was resistance to change. To get CRM to work, high commitment was required in those who were implementing it. The paper titled â€Å"Impact of Information Technology on the Indian Banking Sector† by Harmeen K. Soch and H. S. Sandhu (2003) emphasized that impact of IT on banking was so radical that it would be a key determinant of success or failure in the industry, a key determinant of whether banks as a recognizable grouping continue to exist, and a key determinant of the differentiation between competitors in financial services.

Communication Skills in the Workplace

Communication Skills in the Workplace Introduction The high rate of globalization has led to increment in the volume of international trade. One of the industries that have benefited from this growth is the freight industry in Singapore (AGI Freight 1). AGI Freight is one of the firms that operate within Singapore’s freight industry. Over the years it has been in operation, the firm has managed to attain substantial success within the local and the international market.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Communication Skills in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To attain its profit maximization objective, the firm is committed at entering in new markets. One of the factors that has contributed towards the firm’s success is its effectiveness in providing personalizes service to customers (AGI Freight 1). To improve its operational efficiency, the firm is intends to hire a sales manager. The successful candidate will be require d to possess adequate skill and knowledge with regard to the freight industry. Upon selection, the candidate will be required to start working immediately. Rationale In the course of executing his or her duty, the sales manager will be charged with the responsibility of building optimal rapport between the firm and its clients. The sales manager will also be required to attend to clients’ enquiries in order to satisfactorily meet their needs. Moreover, the sales manager will be required to develop effective sales report and work as a team. Consequently, it is essential for the selected candidate to possess effective communication skills. According to (McIntosh Luecke 5) poor workplace communication is one of the major issues that organization’s management teams have to address. This arises from the fact that it can adversely affect an organization’s success both in the short run and the long run. Currently, the sales environment has become very competitive. The effectiveness with which an organization grows, meets or exceeds its sales targets determines its profitability and hence its long term survival. Consequently, the sales managers should possess optimal communication skills in order to ensure a high level of coordination within the sales team (Woods 34). The sales manager should ensure that information that can contribute toward increment in the firm’s sales revenue is effectively communicated to the sales team. This aids in establishment of a high level of goal congruence between team members (Havaldar Cavale 31).Advertising Looking for assessment on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The workplace environment is increasingly becoming culturally diverse. One of the factors promoting this workplace transformation is the high rate of globalization (Dwyer 121). Consequently, there is a high probability that the sales manager selected will b e required to work with a team that is culturally diverse. In order to succeed in such an environment, the sales manager will be required to appreciate the communication difference amongst the team members. One of the ways through which the manager can achieve this is by developing a comprehensive understanding of the differences in cultural values and norms amongst team members. Conclusion The analysis above illustrates that communication skills is an important element that firms’ management teams should take into account in their quest to develop a strong workforce. One of the factors explaining the importance of communication skills in the workplace is the high rate of transformation within organizations’ workforces. The high rate of globalization has made organizations’ workforces to be culturally diverse. Organizations are increasingly adopting the concept of teamwork in order to promote their operational effectiveness. Working in such an environment requir es one to possess effective communication skills in order to ensure effective collaboration. Additionally, organizations are increasingly venturing into the international market in order to maximize their profitability. However, their success in the international market is dependent on the communication skills of its workforce. AGI Freight: Sales executive/sales manager 2013. Web. https://www.jobstreet.com.sg/jobs/2012/2/default/20/2925238.htm?fr=R Dwyer, Judith. Communication for business and the professions, French Forest: Pearson Australia, 2013, Print.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Communication Skills in the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Havaldar, Krishna and C. Vasant. Sales and distribution management: text and cases, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2007. Print. McIntosh, Perry and L. Richard. Interpersonal communication skills in the workplace, New York: American Management Association, 200 8. Print. Woods, Julia. Communication in our lives, Belmont, Calif: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

7 British English Writing Resources

7 British English Writing Resources 7 British English Writing Resources 7 British English Writing Resources By Mark Nichol This site is intended primarily for writers of American English, though much of the information is also applicable to people who write English in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world. However, I recently received a request for recommendations about writing and editing guides that focus on British English. Here are seven authoritative volumes, all originating at either of England’s two most renowned universities, to help them. 1. Butcher’s Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors, and Proofreaders As the title and subtitle indicate, this volume is directed more toward the editorial process than the writing stage, with guidance about production issues, including dealing with technology. 2. Cambridge Grammar of English: A Comprehensive Guide Oxford University, which owns the rest of this list, has an equivalent book, Oxford Modern English Grammar. Both texts emphasize descriptive, not prescriptive, grammar and include some discussions of American English 3. New Hart’s Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors The British English equivalent of The Chicago Manual of Style is the preeminent resource for resolving style issues such as hyphenation and punctuation, formatting for bibliographies, indexes, and notes, and usage (both British English and American English). 4. New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors: The Essential A–Z Guide to the Written Word This usage handbook has extended entries for many words, including proper nouns, and provides guidance about spelling, capitalization, and hyphenation and information about cultural or historical significance. 5. New Oxford Spelling Dictionary: The Writers’ and Editors’ Guide to Spelling and Word Division This companion to the volume mentioned in the previous item is a simple spelling and word-break guide. 6. New Oxford Style Manual This volume is a compilation of New Hart’s Rules and the New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors 7. Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation This alphabetically organized guide discusses parts of speech and particular words, including questions of usage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Leadership Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Leadership Philosophy - Essay Example The effective leader is a person who has already developed a leadership philosophy which includes the core values that he holds to be important. The modern effective leader imbues these values into every action he or she takes so that the people around see him or her as an example that should be emulated. The incorporation of the leader’s own values into his or her own life means that the leader has effectively chosen the right direction in life. Not every person has the strength required to determine his or her direction and to stick to it in life as challenges arrive. The leader is effectively a person who has chosen a path and chooses to persevere on this path no matter what obstacles appear. In choosing the path, the leader has to sacrifice a number of things in life to set his or her priorities in the right order. Only this method of setting personal values allows a true leader to gain a direction that other people can emulate.

Human resource management policies implemented by Watsons Engine Assignment

Human resource management policies implemented by Watsons Engine Components - Assignment Example However there are factors which resist effective management of human resource. In this study, theoretical frameworks have also been incorporated to better analyze HRM policies and functions. A critical perspective for human resource management helps in determining the need for strategic HR planning to enhance company performance. The report will even highlight certain recommendations for Watsons at the end which can be implemented to reduce problems observed within the organization. Various approaches of human resource management are outlined in this study and each of them has a significant impact on workforce productivity. Human resource management is an organizational function structured to maximize employee performance. The major objective of this function is to meet objectives of employer. Management of human resource is related to developing systems and policies for effectively managing workforce in an organization. The units and departments of HR are responsible for employee re cruitment, performance appraisal, training and development and even rewarding. HR is associated with industrial relations, or rather balancing governmental laws and collective bargaining regulations with organizational practices. In 20th century, human relations movement framed the concept of human resource management. Researchers worked on this concept and stated that strategic management of workforce can create competitive advantage for a business.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION - Essay Example These are not only concerning financial dealings but also about the readiness of an individual to own up actions, learn from mistakes and strive for improvement. Here again, supervisor can give a value judgment. Format devised above relies substantially upon measurable parameters on the one hand and upon the assessment of supervisor which itself has a direct relationship with the measurable parameters, thus eliminating subjectivity to a large extent. Greater emphasis is laid on behavioral aspects of an employee compared to traits since the former has a direct and greater bearing upon the success of the individual and his team in achieving the performance targets. Based on the elements of evaluation, in association with the line supervisor concerned, I will develop format for periodical recording of performance. These records are to be maintained by the supervisor for on-going review and also overall review at the time of annual assessment. For annual assessment, I will devise a separate format (again based on the same elements of evaluation) which will be filled-in by the supervisor. This format will have not only the supervisor’s assessment but also a record of his interaction with the employee on the assessment itself and the employee’s own remarks. This will commit the employee for owning up his shortfalls (if any) and spur him to greater efforts in areas of deficiency. Thus, I will work towards an open and transparent system of appraisal, which will meet the due process of assessment. Team performance appraisals are not very relevant in the sales department of an auto company unless the sales persons are grouped as teams. Assuming that Luxurion Auto has teams of salesmen (divided on some basis like a territory or a market segment) and group targets are set for such teams, I will certainly create team performance appraisal

Activity Based Costing in Small UK Manufacturing Companies

Activity Based Costing in Small UK Manufacturing Companies

Othello †the Unending Popularity Essay -- Othello essays

Othello – the Unending Popularity  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   What factors within William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello can explain the undying popularity of the drama? Are such factors peculiar to the Bard? Let us take up these issues in this essay.    The ability of the audience to identify with the characters in Othello– this is of primary importance. M.H. Abrams in The Norton Anthology of English Literature attributes the dramatist’s universality to his characters as well as to the relevance of his themes:    One preliminary document in the First Folio is by Shakespeare’s great rival, critic, and opposite, Ben Jonson. In it he asserts the superiority of Shakespeare not only to other English playwrights but to the Greek and Latin masters:    Triumph, my Britain, thou hast one to show To whom all scenes of Europe homage owe. He was not of an age, but for all time!    That tribute is the first formulation of a judgment often reiterated in later periods, explaining Shakespeare’s place at the very center of the English literary canon. Many earlier critics found Shakespearean â€Å"universality† displayed in the human truth of his characters and his enduringly relevant themes (467).    Does an additional reason for the unending fame lie in the great heterogeneity of characters and scenes and actions within the play?   Robert B. Heilman in â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare† relates the universality of Shakespeare to the â€Å"innumerableness of the parts†:    But the Shakespeare completeness appears graspable and possessable to many men at odds with each other, because of the innumerableness of the parts: these parts we may consider incompletenesses, partial perspectives, and as such they correspond to the imper... ...: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare: The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p.: n.p., 1970.    Frye, Northrop. â€Å"Nature and Nothing.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"The Role We Give Shakespeare.† Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965.    Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.    Wilkie, Brian and James Hurt. â€Å"Shakespeare.† Literature of the Western World. Ed. Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1992.         

Practical critical essay on ‘Jude’ Part 6 Ch.2. Essay

Little Father Time has just hanged himself and the other two children. Jude and Sue have just come across this scene of horror. Hardy cuts â€Å"upon the floor, on which was written, in the boy’s hand, with the bit†¦ † into short segments with commas giving the narration a breathless effect. It demonstrates Jude and Sue’s feelings towards the scene they have just witnessed. These commas also fashion the sentence as if it were being spoken by a child. There is no complex diction in this passage so it reflects the innocence of the children involved, which is quite a contrast from the adult and gothic language such as â€Å"half paralyzed† and â€Å"grotesque and hideous horror† used in the last paragraph. There is a pattern that emerges so whenever the narrator describes the scene (usually the most horrific parts), he uses simple, unadorned, monosyllabic words, i. e. â€Å"the little bed†, and – placing the negative first – â€Å"no children were there†. However, when describing the parents’ reaction, he uses more complicated and descriptive lexis. This gives rise to an unnerving, disturbing feeling for the reader. The note written to Jude and Sue by Little Father Time, â€Å"Done because we are too menny† explains clearly, why he had performed this task. This is a succinct, poignant note written with what is either no feeling whatsoever or overwhelming but repressed emotion. However, â€Å"menny† indicates the pure innocence and child-like quality of Little Father Time and it shows us the level of his education. ‘Menny’ incorporates the word ‘men’ and his ignorance of spelling may signify his ignorance of the ways of man. Perhaps in the word ‘Done’ there is a resonance of Macbeth’s â€Å"If it were done when ’tis done† (Act I scene VII) emphasizing the horrific finality and decisiveness to Little Father Time’s actions. Sue provoked Little Father Time into reflecting along these lines of their being too many of them due to her conversation with him in the last few pages. He asks, â€Å"It would almost be better to be out o’ the world than in it, wouldn’t it?†, and she off-handedly replies, â€Å"It would almost, dear. † This careless reply and its tragic ramification is a result of Sue’s narcissism and the solipsistic nature of both the parents towards Little Father Time. The language now becomes more elaborate and graphic as the children are no longer mentioned and the following paragraphs concern merely Jude and Sue. Sue realizes her careless words were responsible for Little Father Time’s actions. Her ‘convulsive agony’ that â€Å"knew no abatement† is powerfully personified, and implies that she is in the grip of someone who refuses to let go. The syntax, ending in the stark phrase â€Å"no abatement† makes Sue’s feeling even more infinite and absolute. She is so distraught that the woman of the house is â€Å"vainly trying to soothe her†, with her â€Å"eyes staring at the ceiling†. She seems to be undergoing an out-of-body experience. She is not to go upstairs because â€Å"her presence might do harm†; the intensive shock may also lead to endangering â€Å"a coming life†, her unborn baby would be the only child left in her life. Sue confesses she believes herself responsible for this and Jude replies â€Å"It was in his nature to do it†¦unknown in the last generation†: This is an allusion to a number of views and theories. Thomas Malthus published â€Å"An essay on the principle of population† in 1798. In it he argued against population growth. He believed that if one cannot afford to raise children, one should not bring them into the world. Jude quotes the doctor who says that such boys were not heard of in the last generation. Here, Darwin’s ‘The Origin of Species’ (1859) is being alluded to. Darwin proved humans are not special creatures chosen by God, but instead, simply animals that are highly evolved and well adapted to their surroundings. Hardy stresses the way that Little Father Time had struck at the conventional views of Victorian family life and instead of having the typical morals of a little boy, believed that survival was more important than family values. I believe that Little Father Time is in a sense more ‘highly evolved’ than Jude – Jude attempted to commit suicide and failed. Little Father Time however, did so – he is a child brought up without love. The use of the words â€Å"springing up† make this new type of child seem linked to regeneration, growth, felicity and seasonality, but in fact they bring death and are the product of â€Å"new views of life†. Of course Sue herself is a product of such views which perhaps have affected Little Father Time subconsciously. He never shows any signs of hope, happiness, excitement and general strong emotions until his last conversation with Sue, and even then he gives us no impression that he is going to murder his brother and sister and commit suicide. The child is an example of â€Å"the coming universal wish not to live† Jude states bleakly. This phrase demonstrate the thematic pessimism in the narrative, the apocalyptical nature of Little Father Time, and the fast approaching, universal nihilistic views of the end of the century. At the end of Jude’s version of the doctor’s analysis of Little Father Time, the text ends with an aposiopesis: â€Å"consolations to -â€Å". Jude’s composure cracks. Ironically, Jude stops short just as he mentions, â€Å"(the doctor) can give no consolation†, the phrase ‘no consolation’ extends Hardy’s apocalyptic theme of lack of hope. We find out Jude has composed himself for Sue, but could do so no longer, and in her efforts to comfort him, â€Å"distracted her from her poignant self-reproach†. Hardy describes what Sue sees when she is allowed to finally see the children. Little Father Time’s face â€Å"expressed the whole tale of their situation† which is clearly, death, despair, struggle, lack of love, and lack of hope. Linking the boy’s face to their situation describes them both perfectly well without describing either. The use of simple, unadorned language describing the boy as a ‘little shape’ shows us that the small boy is not yet defined, he is not yet delineated; he dies young and unformed. Hardy writes that in Little Father Time he â€Å"had converged all the inauspiciousness of Jude†. The child’s corpse conveyed the suggestion of the tragedy, despair and death that was looming in his relationship with Arabella, as well â€Å"all the accidents†¦ errors of the last†; the potent and tragic element of fate is stressed. Little Jude’s description as his parent’s ‘nodal point’ demonstrates that he is an entanglement where ‘inauspiciousness’ and the lack of love have become enmeshed. The paragraph concludes with a tricolon, â€Å"For the rashness of those parents he had groaned, for their ill-assortment he has quaked, and for the misfortunes of these he had died†. This relates to Jude’s relationships with Arabella and Sue, and Little Father Time’s short life; it is a conclusive and tragic summation of Little Father Time’s short life and tragic end. This scene hints at Hardy’s disaffection with God, and when Jude and Sue overhear the psalm â€Å"Truly God is loving unto Israel† we realize this disaffection is very tangible.

Is Bigger Always Better? Essay

For centuries, a plump figure was considered attractive in both men and women.   Full figures suggested a life of ease and luxury.   Still today, children are taught that an older man in a red suit with a rounded midsection is jolly and approachable.   Some may even feel that a little fat around the belly is not such a bad thing.   Sadly, far too many people have more than a little.   Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic that affects individuals psychologically, socially, economically, and physically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obesity can strongly affect an individual psychologically and socially.   Just as prejudices against race, sex, and religion are common all across the world, so is prejudice against obese people.   The AORN Journal states that obese individuals â€Å"often are considered lazy overeaters without will power or motivation [†¦] are slothful, have poor personal eating and exercise habits, are of limited intelligence, and lack self-control (Shortt).   Such prejudices have even been seen in physicians who are obesity specialists.   According to a study found in Psychology Today, some physicians â€Å"associated fat people with laziness and stupidity and connected them to words like ‘bad’ or ‘worthless’† (Allen).   The fact that healthcare professionals have such strong biases reinforces how widespread â€Å"the stigma of obesity is in our society† (Allen).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination carries on into everyday life for the obese individual.   Economic hardship may ensue.   Employment opportunities may be affected.   â€Å"Employers often presume that people who are obese are lazy and have poor work habits: (Allen).   This misconception results in job opportunities being denied or limited to the obese.   Employers also â€Å"want their companies to be perceived as ‘young, dynamic, and energetic’ so they avoid putting people who are obese in visible positions, erroneously believing that the obese person will not be quick or alter to the public’s needs† (Allen). Although employment opportunities may decrease, expenses related to obesity are on the rise.   Clothes and shoes cost more because the items may have to be especially made and ordered.   Medical bills for associated health problems begin to pile up.   Finding a seat to fit in becomes an added difficulty.   For example, many airlines are now requiring obese individuals to purchase two seats to accommodate their wider size.   Added expenses pose a serious dilemma, since income rates are lower and poverty rates are higher in families with obese members (Raman).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emotional suffering, however, may be one of the most painful effects of obesity.   Society subtly teaches that attraction equals thin.   The pressure from peers does not help either.   Obese individuals, especially children and adolescents, are often subjected to endless teasing and ridicule.   It is of little wonder that not so thin men and women think of themselves as fat and unattractive.   These individuals may start to believe the prejudices about them are true.   Such feelings of low self worth lead to depression in many individuals. Thus, depression is often linked to obesity.   Concerning children, and article in Psychology Today states, â€Å"The longer a child is over weight, the more he or she is at risk for depression and other mental disorders† (Lawson).   Without intervention, these problems can carry on into adulthood.   Obese children and adults are at risk for serious emotional problems.   The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy states, â€Å"Problems include disparagement of body image, a condition in which persons feel that their body is grotesque and loathsome.    They believe that others view them with hostility and contempt, which makes them self-conscious and impairs social functioning† (Beers 60).   Sadly, these emotional problems may affect personal achievements and relationships.   According to the Journal of the American College of Nutrition, then umber of years of education and marriage rates were lower among women who were obese in childhood and adolescence (Raman).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the psychological, social, and emotional effects of obesity are significant, the physical effects of obesity are far more profound.   In fact, the physical effects of obesity are life-threatening.   According to the AORN Journal, â€Å"a person who is 40% overweight is twice as likely to die prematurely as a person of average weight† (Shortt).   The article continues by stating, â€Å"In 2000, obesity due to poor diet and inactivity cause 16% of all deaths (ie, 400,000), making it the number-two killer after tobacco use (ie, 435,000 deaths)† (Shortt).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obese individuals are at an increased risk for many chronic medical conditions.   The AORN Journal lists type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and some forms of cancer as conditions related to obesity (Shortt).   Concerning the increased risk of cancer, Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing states, â€Å"Obesity is associated with endometrial cancer and possibly postmenopausal breast cancers.   Obesity may also increase the risk for cancers of the colon, kidney, and gall bladder† (Smeltzer 321). The text also correlates obesity and back injuries due to increased stress in the â€Å"relatively weak back muscles† (2051).   Several other physical effects of obesity are noted in the Merck Manual of diagnosis and Therapy including orthopedic disturbances of weight-bearing and non-weight bearing joints.   The text also states, â€Å"Skin disorders are particularly common; increased sweat and skin secretions, trapped in thick folds of skin, produce a culture medium conducive to fungal and bacterial growth and infections† (Beers 60).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everyday tasks become a burden to the obese.   Climbing a set of stairs, walking to the mailbox, tying shoelaces, and playing with their own children are all considered strenuous activities.   The onset of shortness of breath, increased heart rate and blood pressure, seating, and fatigue quickly bring any type of physical activity to an end.   The increased stress to the heart due to obesity can eventually lead to chronic heart failure and even death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The expression â€Å"bigger is better† is true for many things.   Weight is not one of them.   As waistbands continue to expand, human lives are being endangered.   Obesity is a worldwide crisis that brings long-term psychological, social, emotional, and physical effects.   A closer look at obesity proves that bigger is not always better. Works Cited Allen, Colin. â€Å"Obesity Doctors Are Weight Biased.† Psychology Today.   29 Sept 2003. Beers, Mark and Robert Berkow.   The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy.   17th ed.   West Point: Merck, 1999. Lawson, Willow.   â€Å"The Obesity – Depression Link.†Ã‚   Psychology Today.   27 May 2003. Raman, Rita.   â€Å"Obesity and Heatlh Risks.†Ã‚   Journal of the American College of Nutrition.   21 (2002). Shortt, Janet.   â€Å"Obesity – A Public Dilemma.†Ã‚   AORN Journal. Dec 2004. Smeltzer, Suzanne and Brenda Bare.   Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical – Surgical Nursing.   10th ed.   Philadelphia:   Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004.

Interview with Book Designer Stewart Williams Reedsy

Interview with Book Designer Stewart Williams Reedsy â€Å"I like things a little more visceral†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - An interview with designer Stewart Williams. We are proud to feature designer Stewart Williams on Reedsy. Stewart’s arresting, beautiful and original designs have spanned a large range of titles from novels to cooking to poetry and a range of non-fiction. We got some great insights into Stewart’s creative process, his approach to different genres and authors, plus the opportunities of a rich online presence.For the unconditional lovers of the written word, I’ve transcribed most of the interview below. But for those who want to take part in the discussion, you can directly join us on the hangout! Hi Stewart, thanks for joining me on this hangout. First, can you give me a bit of background on how you became a freelance book designer?I started out in the publishing world working in magazines and newspapers, and was primarily art directing for various publications in Seattle for quite a long time. I worked for a number of newspapers, however I really wanted to work with books, because I’ve always loved reading and I’ve loved books since I was a little kid. I always thought that the publishing industry was fascinating and that what cover designers did was really the kind of thing I wanted to do as a graphic designer.Whilst I was working for newspapers I started to get jobs here and there with publishers and I didn’t turn down anything. I knew that every job that I could do was something I could add on to my portfolio, to help me get bigger and bigger clients as I moved along. After a brief period of travel, Sasquatch books hired me as a senior designer and I stayed there for a few years. I finally ended up in New York City where I couldn’t find any work at all, so I just decided to go do business for myself.I started to build a presence using all the contacts I had acquired, and I knew at that time that it was really important for me to work on my online presence, so I was always doing online portfolios. I can’t remember the last time I showed anybody a physical portfolio, nobody really uses those anymore. I was already making websites back in the early 1990s, and those have really helped because I really don’t know where people find my work, so I try to put it everywhere.I really like the fact that you put all your work out there, on different platforms. I’ve checked your blog and you’re one of the few cover designers I’ve seen at Reedsy who posts all the projects they’re doing, including information about the creative process and previous cover versions. I think too few designers do tha t.I’ve noticed that as well and I don’t know why that is. I think sometimes it has to do with this idea that when people sign up for a portfolio and are asking for a description, if you have 25 covers it can seem a little daunting to write 25 descriptions at once. For me it was always important to do it as I went along so this wouldn’t happen.Also, I think people run out of things to say, or they are trying to really let the work speak for themselves. But for my clients, people ask me specific questions, like â€Å"do you do YA?† or â€Å"how many covers do you do?†, and I think that the explanations that I give really demystify what is going on on my end so the people get a better idea of how the process works. The blog really helps me illustrate that for them rather than just do some magic trick and say: â€Å"here’s your cover!†In particular, also, I do it to show to people how many cover designs go into a cover project for somebod y like Amazon. Sometimes I do 13 different covers before they decide on the one they like.You mentioned you’ve worked in the past for big publishers, but it seems that now you’re shifting a bit towards indie authors and getting more work from them, am I right?Yes, that’s true, it’s something that I’ve seen more and more over the last 3-4 years: with the rise of the Kindle people have started to write independently and publish via KDP or similar services. It’s been really different for me in the beginning because I usually never dealt with authors, and I realised I enjoyed it quite a bit. Sometimes they have really good ideas, or they just want you to do whatever you feel like, and I like that direct line of communication with people.And by working directly with authors you get more creative freedom, right?You know, I’ve often found along the years that the less I get paid, the more creative freedom I have! When people have larger budg ets they tend to have an idea of exactly what they want you to do. With smaller budgets, they’re more inclined to relinquish control of things and let you do what you want if the price is kept down. Of course I never use that as a way to do whatever I feel like, because I think it’s really important to hear what the author is telling me the want. I want to make sure that my work is something they’ll be happy with and will help them sell their book.Do you prefer working purely with stock imagery, or illustrations, or a mixture?That’s another thing that has to do with budgets in a way. I think there is a lot of inexpensive stock photography out there, so it is hard to convince somebody to spend more money on an illustration.I’m not really an illustrator, I haven’t done it for a living. I like to illustrate, but it’s one of those things where I have to prove myself to people before I get them to hire me, so I’m doing more smaller jobs that don’t pay as much just to get the experience and have something to show.I feel like with the surge of independent publishing and the number of books available having an illustration - something that is 100% unique - really adds value.I agree, and I’d say that the stock photography is not keeping up with the demand, so you start seeing the same photographs on different people’s books and that’s embarrassing for the author.I think people are starting to realise that you cannot just take an image and put your title and name on it because there is a very good chance that someone else is going to use the same†¦You work across all genres, I think, but is there any that you prefer working on? Or any project lately that you have particularly enjoyed?I like things a little more visceral, where there is more of a graphic edge. I think crime and horror are like that. I try not to emulate what people see out there and stay away from the typical horror book cover.But I do like to work on all things, even non-fiction. I have a few client publishers who publish more historical books, and those tend to follow certain contemporary trends in the United States politics. I do like working with archival and historical images.I also love working on poetry books. There tends to be a non-linear way to think about the covers that can work with poetry books, they’re not conceptual the same way a fiction book might be. I find it more interesting and challenging to work with an abstract idea. If you’re building a cover and you know there are certain elements that have to be on it, it becomes more of a production process than a creative one. My method of working is a little weirder and less straightforward than that.That’s good to hear, because a common piece of advice if you write in a particular genre is that your cover absolutely has to respect certain guidelines that are part of the genre. I always feel like as an author you might stand a better chance if you come with a different style for the cover, even one that doesn’t fully â€Å"respect† the genre.I would agree. Other people who write in your genre all have similar looking covers. So if I’m going to look for a book in that genre online, I’m probably immediately going to pick up the one that has a cover that doesn’t look like all the others.That said, it’s hard to convince people to do something different. Even publishers will say to me: â€Å"this book has sold quite a bit and it looks like this, can you do something similar?†. But the problem is that the public is smarter than that and after a while it is going to get bored.I think there’s only a small window of time in which you can emulate an idea and still be successful. The rest of the time you’ve got to try something different. It is a risk, and although people have to take risks, they usually don’t want to be the firs t one.

Paste) - Delphi Code

Clipboard Basics (Cut / Copy / Paste) - Delphi Code The Windows Clipboard represents the container for any text or graphics that are cut, copied or pasted from or to an application. This article will show you how to use the TClipboard object to implement cut-copy-paste features in your Delphi application. Clipboard in General As you probably know, the Clipboard can hold only one piece of the same kind of data for cut, copy and paste at one time. If we send new information in the same format to the Clipboard, we wipe out what was there before, but the contents of the Clipboard stays with the Clipboard even after we paste those contents into another program. TClipboard In order to use the Windows Clipboard in our applications, we must add the ClipBrd unit to the uses clause of the project, except when we restrict cutting, copying and pasting to the components already possessing built-in support for Clipboard methods. Those components are TEdit, TMemo, TOLEContainer, TDDEServerItem, TDBEdit, TDBImage and TDBMemo. The ClipBrd unit automatically represents a TClipboard object called Clipboard. Well use the CutToClipboard, CopyToClipboard, PasteFromClipboard, Clear and HasFormat methods to deal with Clipboard operations and text/graphic manipulation. Send and Retrieve Text In order to send some text to the Clipboard the AsText property of the Clipboard object is used. If we want, for example, to send the string information contained in the variable SomeStringData to the Clipboard (wiping out whatever text was there), well use the following code: uses ClipBrd; ... Clipboard.AsText : SomeStringData_Variable; To retrieve the text information from the Clipboard well use uses ClipBrd; ... SomeStringData_Variable : Clipboard.AsText; Note: if we only want to copy the text from, lets say, Edit component to the Clipboard, we do not have to include the ClipBrd unit to the uses clause. The CopyToClipboard method of TEdit copies the selected text in the edit control to the Clipboard in the CF_TEXT format. procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin   Ã‚   //the following line will select   Ã‚   //ALL the text in the edit control   Ã‚   {Edit1.SelectAll;}   Ã‚   Edit1.CopyToClipboard; end; Clipboard Images To retrieve graphical images from the Clipboard, Delphi must know what type of image is stored there. Similarly, to transfer images to the clipboard, the application must tell the Clipboard what type of graphics it is sending. Some of the possible values of the Format parameter follow; there are many more Clipboard formats provided by Windows. CF_TEXT - Text with each line ending with a CR-LF combination.CF_BITMAP - A Windows bitmap graphic.CF_METAFILEPICT - A Windows metafile graphic.CF_PICTURE - An object of type TPicture.CF_OBJECT - Any persistent object. The HasFormat method returns True if the image in the Clipboard has the right format: if Clipboard.HasFormat(CF_METAFILEPICT) then ShowMessage(Clipboard has metafile) ; Use the Assign method to send (assign) an image to the Clipboard. For example, the following code copies the bitmap from a bitmap object named MyBitmap to the Clipboard: Clipboard.Assign(MyBitmap) ; In general, MyBitmap is an object of type TGraphics, TBitmap, TMetafile or TPicture. To retrieve an image from the Clipboard we have to: verify the format of the current contents of the clipboard and use the Assign method of the target object: {place one button and one image control on form1} {Prior to executing this code press Alt-PrintScreen key combination} uses clipbrd; ... procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; begin if Clipboard.HasFormat(CF_BITMAP) then Image1.Picture.Bitmap.Assign(Clipboard) ; end; More Clipboard Control Clipboard stores information in multiple formats so we can transfer data between applications using different formats. When reading information from the clipboard with Delphis TClipboard class, we are limited to standard clipboard formats: text, pictures, and metafiles. Suppose youre working between two different Delphi applications; how would you define custom clipboard format in order to send and receive data between those two programs? For the purpose of exploration, lets say you are trying to code a Paste menu item. You want it to be disabled when there is no text in the clipboard (as an instance). Since the entire process with the clipboard takes place behind the scenes, there is no method of TClipboard class that will inform you when some change in the content of the clipboard has taken place. The idea is to hook in the clipboard notification system, so youre able to access and respond to events when the clipboard changes. To enjoy more flexibility and functionality, dealing with clipboard change notifications and custom clipboard formats listening to the Clipboard is necessary.

Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now

Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now Daily Writing Tips Is On Facebook and Twitter Now By Daniel Scocco Over the past months we received many emails from readers who wanted to connect with Daily Writing Tips on social networks. We finally made this possible on the two largest networks: Facebook and Twitter. If you have a Facebook account please visit Facebook.com/DailyWritingTips and click on the Like button to connect with us. Once you do that youll start seeing links to our posts on your Facebook stream. Alternatively you can visit this post on our website and hit the Like button directly on the Facebook Like Box. Twitter users can follow the official Daily Writing Tips account on Twitter.com/writing_tips. We try to follow every one back, and we also tweet links to the latest posts on the blog. Finally, youll notice that below the posts theres a Share section now. There you can click on the buttons to retweet the post or to share it with your Facebook friends. We would appreciate if you could spread the word about any post you like by using those buttons! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingThe Difference Between "Shade" and "Shadow"

Epistemology and the Legend of the Sphinx in Oedipus Rex Research Paper

Epistemology and the Legend of the Sphinx in Oedipus Rex - Research Paper Example The idea of pharmakos in Oedipus Rex is embodied in the interaction between the sphinx and Oedipus and how the sphinx guards and reveals knowledge. Pharmakos is the idea that there is a duality to things; that an item can be both a cure and a poison. The sphinx is used as a pharmakos in Oedipus Rex because not only does her physical appearance portray a duality, but also her riddles conceal knowledge in their ambiguity, but also in a sense, reveal truth concerning Oedipus and the Greek society. Epistemology Epistemology can be defined as the branch of philosophy that looks at the nature, origin, methods, as well as limits of human knowledge. It seeks to answer the question of how to distinguish true knowledge from false knowledge. One of the outstanding epistemological problems in Oedipus Rex is the ambiguity presented in terms of the nature and extents of Oedipus’ knowledge about his true origins (Carel 103). Many philosophers have argued that Oedipus may have been too ignora nt to figure out facts about his past. However, at the beginning of the play, his intelligence is well portrayed when he is the only man who has the ability to solve the riddle of the sphinx. This ambiguity brings forth the vagueness of the extent to which Oedipus can and should be held responsible for his actions, which are: killing his biological father and marrying his own mother. Sophocles tells the story of Oedipus in reverse: he starts with the ending and goes to explain how it happened. According to the oracle, the plague that has befallen Thebes will find no cure until the person responsible for the murder of King Laius is found and expelled from the city. Oedipus starts an investigation to reveal the murderer, but this investigation quickly turns into an investigation of Oedipus’ real identity. Initially the epistemology lies around finding an answer to the question â€Å"who did it†, but this changes course to the question â€Å"who am I?† (Foster 22)T he psychological journey of discovery takes up much of this story. Knowledge is supposed to end with gratification and satisfaction. However, in this story, epistemology led to a discovery that was more tragic than the events that led to the discovery itself. The Sphinx The word sphinx comes form the Greek verb which when translated means â€Å"to squeeze† or to tighten (Gosse 65). Some historians however argue that the word is a corruption of the Egyptian word â€Å"shesepankh† which translates to â€Å"living image† (Zivie-Coche and Lorton 9). In Greek mythology the Sphinx is represented as having a serpent’s tail, a lion’s hunches, a large bird’s wings and a woman’s breast and face. This malevolent creature is normally characterized as being merciless and treacherous. She is the demon of bad luck and destruction and kills and mauls those who fail to correctly answer her riddle. According to myths, the sphinx was the guardian of the gates into the City of Thebes. To be allowed entry, one had to correctly answer her riddle. The riddle is â€Å"which creature has four legs in the morning, two at midday and three in the evening, and the more legs it has, the weaker it is? It is said that no man had ever been able to give a correct answer to the riddle (10). Oedipus was the only one who gave the correct answer which was ‘man’. After Oedipus gave the correct answer, the sphinx is said to have been infuriated and she killed herself. The original purpose of the sphinx